We have three main Landforms of the World, these include Mountains, Plateaus and Plains. They are formed as a result of forces acting on the earth surface in relation to the Earth’s movement. These forces are either internal or external forces.
The Internal forces encompass all forces that operate within the earth crust. This includes tensional and compression forces that lead to the formation of earthquakes, volcanism and actions of underground water. All these internal processes play crucial roles in the formation of different landforms observed on the earth’s surface. Examples include mountains; these are elevated surfaces that result from the intense action of internal force.
The external forces refer to the forces acting on the earth surface. They result from the actions of the agents of denudation and deposition. Denudation includes all processes that lead to the removal of the earth crust; deposition refers to the processes that add to the earth crust. Denudation agents include erosion, weathering and transportation.
Some Minor World Landforms are as a result of denudation and deposition. Based on the agent of deposition, a peculiar landform will result. For Instance, water movement will form floodplains, alluvial plains and delta; the action of ice results to the formation of drumlins, eskers, boulder clay and outwash plains. Wind actions will cause the formation of sand dunes, seif and loess.
The Earth movement is of two types, lateral and vertical movement. The lateral type of movement refers to the sideward movement. This causes the formation of Fold Mountains. The vertical movement which refers to the upward and downward movement direction results to the formation of plateau, mountains and basins.
The major World Landforms of the world are further divided into different types based on their mode of formation. For mountains, we have Block Mountains, Fold Mountains, Volcanic Mountains and Residual Mountains; plateaus are divided into tectonic plateau, volcanic plateau and dissected plateau. Types of Plains include Erosional Plains, Depositional Plains and Structural Plains. Depositional plains are further sub-divided into flood plain, alluvial plains, coastal plain, outwash plain, loess plain and deltaic plain.